One of the most used nootropics. The only drug reported to cause lipofuscin regression. Has a unique mechanism of action, used in cases of cerebral insufficiency, dementia, stroke, and cerebral aging. Indications: 1- Manifestations of cerebral insufficiency � Disturbance of memory and attention � Vertigo � Ringing and humming in the ears � Visual disturbance � Personality disorders � Intellectual deterioration 2- Sequelae of cerebrovascular accidents, hemiplegia, aphasia.